Spring Melt, by Katherine Bode-Lang

Spring Melt cover
This began as one kind of book and finished as something else. No, wait, that’s not true. I began as one kind of reader, with one set of expectations, and ended as another, with the change occuring around page 15 (out of 29 total pages of poetry). Which perhaps not coincidentally is where I resumed reading in mid-afternoon, after getting up from a long nap.

When I set the book aside this morning, I had been reading about the speaker’s mother being in love with boats and spending her vacation at a shipyard, despite the family having no boat of their own: a very interesting poem, but thoroughly in the realist, autobiographical-lyrical mode. Then in the groggy afternoon I resumed with “Sorting the Socks of the Dead”:

When they died, we wore their socks
on our hands for the winter. Puppets
with holes, our fingers poked out like ears.

This sudden swerve into strangeness was as delightful as it was unexpected. I read the next two poems, “Rainy Season” and “The Second Year,” in more of a Garcia-Marquezian frame of mind, which turned out to be a good fit for their bleak industrial subjects: a pulp mill shutting down briefly for Christmas and a scrap-metal recycling yard. Then the strangeness returned in full force with “She’s Heard It Said if It Weren’t for the Sky We Would All Go Mad.”

Her mother writes: I fear the gray bowl about us,
the wooden spoon you put to it. You have such clear
eyes: you see the halos of the sun, its drifting, flaming spots.
I want you to let the Black-Eye Galaxy go.

I really like being thrown off-balance like this. If I feel I understand every poem in a collection, I don’t enjoy it as much as if there’s still a solid core of mystery in it.

My five-year-old niece Elanor stopped by after supper (“I like your house, Uncle Dave, ’cause it got lots of books!”) and wanted to help with the typing. Sure, why not?

elanor dad mommy fdgdrygbfjgjgdggh xjhjkhdb dkes utawvbuytq piouyvb dfghfhg ujssfjcyhu fgdfyfchcui87fguyc rthhfhfh hgcnsx sffjhkdjoplrr fnvkvjvobbazrff vgtyrfbvf ggftgbryhgrvtyf vvvwf uccyhgcv5t78fc rtfdghmnc cgfvcgv3erfgudjnc cfvdfrfcrfc dbdczqwzzhn bdug guf yhfxFCJNZSUJVFGIKCRFJV dgfikch vvcvvgggggh nfhfdgvzs fihfivguvvg cujdcuu JK IX

I go back to the opening poem, “Diagnosis,” which is about taking a nap with the windows open. Hmm. Now I can’t help wondering if the unusual length and soundness of my nap might not have been due in part to my reading of this poem in the morning. I even slept through a phone call.

Each window is a gaping mouth without a tongue,
our noises rumbling up from deeper down.

That works as a description of the contents, too. Poems are windows, are they not? And this solid, habitable first collection of poems echoes with the borborygmi of thaw and flood.

(I’m reading a book a day for National Poetry Month, with a special focus on Seven Kitchens Press, a Pennsylvania-based publisher of limited-edition chapbooks. Click on the book cover to go to its page in Open Library.)

Eden in the Rearview Mirror, by Susan Elbe

Eden in the Rearview Mirror cover
The unknown child bending the map at my mother’s bedside, this map of skin in my father’s silver boat, before some music and desire limn the body’s mercator: miracles enough. Dog days snow toward January, and I fly to my father in late August on the Kenai Peninsula, 2 a.m.

Thanksgiving, 1954. My mother isn’t dead, sitting with autumn everywhere I look, apparition, sequela, deciding the heart and everything you take with you. Petition in the middle, garden on the outskirts, love — a definition driven by a short history of burning. Out of the splitberry dark, like horses practicing eternity, the gate unlatched, white radish moon.

If I loved him it would be this way, my angel: reeling in a skate on Kachemak Bay, daguerreotype, light made from nothing. Laudamus, soul suite: why I decided to be born. Now and then, Scheherazade and the lost order Lepidoptera ghost hunger for an inner harbor at the Rio Grande gorge, Eden in the rearview mirror.

The foregoing paragraphs consist entirely of the titles in the table of contents to Eden in the Rearview Mirror, rearranged and supplemented by just a few small connector words. Perhaps this is too light-hearted an exercise for a book of such power and quiet beauty, but it does demonstrate at least how rich a table Elbe sets for the feast that follows. If it leaves you hungry for more, I’ll be featuring a conversation with her next Tuesday on the Woodrat podcast.

(I’m reading a book a day for National Poetry Month. Click on the book cover to go to its page in Open Library.)

King Baby, by Lia Purpura

King Baby cover
Spoof or homage? The poet herself confesses she isn’t sure. And what if her initial guesses about the thing floating in the river (bouy, plastic object, last summer’s melon) had been correct? It wouldn’t matter. The act of recognition is decisive — we relive it everytime we call someone or something by their name. But what if, Purpura wonders, the bedraggled vagrant one invites into one’s home turns out in the morning to be the king, going about in disguise to take the measure of his subjects? This folktale is key to my own understanding of the book. Hospitality always involves a balance between homage and spoof, between worship and make-believe. No matter how outlandish the guest, one has to keep a straight face.

I’ve never read a book where the cover photo was so essential to comprehension, though a few of the features mentioned in this odd cycle of hymns cannot be seen, nor of course can we hear the thing. (We are told it rattles when shook.) King or baby? Ancestor, I’m thinking, but the poet never directly mentions this possibility. She does see it as a role model of sorts: “Oh, let me be odd in my surroundings.”

Her own origins are only probed toward the end of the book: “Often I assemble myself/ back at the beginning,” and a poem later:

Where was I going
before all the trees,
breathing and fallen,
made, with the river,
the day I’m in now
and the tasks it requires…

And then three poems from the end, she asks, “Do I hasten things by saying?/ Am I that terrible child?”

Her son originally spotted the icon they came to call King Baby in the river on the coldest day of the year, and she pulled it out and carried it inside to thaw. So we do have this origin tale, retold often, plus another, more speculative one about a marketplace for tourists. Then too, over the course of the book, a long, cold spring arrives, and I’m thinking: a new year is always represented as a baby in the cartoons. Purpura quotes Nabokov:

The spiral
is a spiritualized circle.
In the spiral form, the circle,
uncoiled, unwound,
has ceased to be vicious.
It has been set free.

She quotes this in a different context, but it applies to the turning of the seasons better than anything, I think. Re-reading the poems today, I’m struck by their spatial and temporal grounding. What might have I found and brought home this winter? What made thing or found object among my collection might even now be waiting for its song, unrecognized mouth ajar?

(I’m reading a book a day for National Poetry Month. Click on the book cover to go to its page in Open Library.)

Bestiary, or The Parade of Orpheus, by Guillaume Apollinaire

Apollinaire's Bestiary

The poet includes himself in this procession:
weaver of myths, an octopus spraying ink,
heedless of the microscopic wonders
swarming Orpheus, and more akin
to the quicksilver god who first made a lyre
out of that solid citizen the tortoise.

*

When the poet writes like crayfish,
we advance backwards,
he must’ve meant
the artist, far from a Cubist
and farther still from Fabre and his farm.

*

The reader follows unmentioned at the rear,
still chuckling at that line about the peacock
whose magnificent display entails baring his ass.
With the addition of this volume it grows
more colorful than ever, my wall of books.

(I’m reading a book a day for National Poetry Month; click on the book cover to go to its page in Open Library. The podcast will return next week.)

Slamming Open the Door, by Kathleen Sheeder Bonanno

Slamming Open the Door
Another day, another book of poems about the death of a close family member. This time it’s a daughter, murdered by an acquaintance. It’s absolutely devastating to read, the second time as much as the first: impossible to read quickly, but equally impossible to put down after the first poem, I found.

Does the newspaper where you live publish memorial poems? Ours does, often three or four per issue, but it’s a very conservative town and newspaper, and I suspect this custom long ago faded out in more sophisticated parts of the country, where online equivalents such as Facebook memorial pages have probably taken their place. These newspaper memorial poems take the form of either couplets or quatrains, depending on the size of the ad, invariably feature end-rhyme, and confine themselves to the most general and sentimental of expressions. For example: “In our hearts your memory lingers, sweetly tender, fond and true./ There is not a day, dear brother, that we do not think of you.”

I read that and a couple others like it this morning at breakfast, right after finishing Slamming Open the Door, and my immediate reaction was to recoil in disgust: they had nothing in common with Bonanno’s book, I thought, aside from the obvious function of memorializing the dead. The murdered daughter’s black-and-white photo appears on its own page right before the table of contents, just as photos of the dead family members appear in two out of three of the memorial ads in the April 10 issue of The Daily Herald. But beyond that, the newspaper poems — doggerel, really — couldn’t present a starker contrast to Bonanno’s, I thought. They were not only anonymous but generic, while Bonanno turns her unsparing gaze on herself every few pages, describing her very human reactions of rage, desolation, remorse for her own less-than-saintly mothering, gratitude for small gestures, and so on.

In one poem, an ant rears up on its hind legs, and “I do not see it,” she says, immediately after noting “its rosary-bead parts/ startling and black.” Grief insists on blindness to the world the daughter can no longer see, even if the poet’s aesthetic instincts cannot be so easily shoved aside. In another poem, she imagines her heart yanked from her chest in the middle of drinking tea — and now we are very far indeed from the bland hearts where “memory lingers” in the newspaper couplet.

[I]t drops, pumping,
onto the table
and there it is,
there is the matter,
your whole heart,
that brilliant engine,

that tuber,
vulgar, purple,
red

— but far from dying, after a moment of adjustment to the loss, “invariably,/ you reach down/ to straighten a spoon.”

Taking another look at the newspaper poems in Saturday’s paper now, I am less inclined to be as dismissive as I was this morning. Great poetry they are not, but at least they don’t wallow in false piety. All three emphasize the importance of memory, and in that sense — in their metaphysical simplicity, their disinclination to try and find larger meanings in the loss of a family member — they do resemble the poems in Slamming Open the Door. I suspect that the very decision to publicly confront the death of a loved one in the most artful language one can muster probably compels a basic level of honesty, wrestling with the mystery of how someone so utterly gone can still have such an undiminished presence in our lives.

All of which is not to downplay the fact of the murder here, which puts Bonanno’s poems in a class of their own. They exorcise, or strive to. They flirt with catharsis. At some point, those of us who have been spared this experience have probably all wondered how we would react to the murder of a child. Bonanno tells us “How to Find Out,” “What People Give You,” and “What Not to Say.” She shows us the initial newspaper account, the autopsy report (as she interprets it) and eventually the jury’s verdict. The sparely yet vividly drawn characters — detective, prosecutor, mother of the murderer, a neighbor, a sister, another mother of a murdered child in a support group — are utterly believable, and the author’s commitment to honesty and her willingness to share even some moments of humor make her perhaps the most appealing character in the book.

And then there are the ladybugs, thousands of them everywhere: a phemonenon I’m intimately familiar with to the point of boredom. Nothing new there, surely. Yet somehow Bonanno managed to make me see them as something uncanny, a symbol of that present absence, perhaps, though the surface explanation of their significance is much simpler: “ladybug” was the daughter’s nickname.

After the trial, a blizzard
of ladybugs on the courthouse steps,
more this week
than Berks County has seen in years.
At first we crunch them underfoot
until, horrified, we look down
and know what we do.

Alice James Books seem to specialize in searing poetry about things that matter: Cynthia Cruz’ Ruin, Lia Purpura’s King Baby, Brian Turner’s Here, Bullet, Kazim Ali’s The Far Mosque, and now this volume, every bit their equal. Buy them.

(I’m reading a book a day for National Poetry Month. Click on the book cover to go to its page in Open Library.)

The Brother Swimming Beneath Me, by Brent Goodman

The Brother Swimming Beneath Me cover
The best poems are quizzes built of balsa wood where every guess is an updraft. Rhyme evaporates in the mouth. The water is fresh, not salt (you can always add salt, but you can’t take it away). Lake plants are more poetic than kelp in any case. Death, lice, oysters, belly fuzz: all the great subjects. Reading The Brother Swimming Beneath Me for the second time, I am taking only mental notes, which prove to be unreliable at best. (Why the hell didn’t I buy a new pocket notebook when I was in town yesterday?)

Was it 2006 that Brent began blogging about pulling this manuscript together? Blog and manuscript shared the same title then, and the latter kept getting transfusions from the former, culminating in a series of remarkable prose poems, square as stair steps with no risers (“Spiral Course”). I remember wondering about the brother’s death, the lack of explanation as frustrating as a photo uploaded sideways for an online avatar. Well, it’s all here — and then it isn’t. (The blog isn’t mentioned in the credits, but then again, why should it be?)

There are so many responses to grief, so many rituals. In “Séance,” the dead convene to try and summon up the living. In “[recipe],” the object is to “Reduce your life by half until it coats the back of a spoon.” In “‘Armless Iraqi Boy Bears No Grudges for U.S. Bombing,'” a sacrificial victim is made whole again by a miraculous set of substitutions: “We have replaced/ his eyes with rubble, his ears with crosshairs,/ his mouth a khaki radio”; only the right words go missing. In “[directions to my house],” the narrator’s entire adult life constitutes a kind of spell, leading to the unlocked door of his own house. (But how else would one expect to end up so deep in the woods?)

Dear religion, says the opening line, and the closing line Dear mystery, as if the whole book between them were a letter with two addressees, posted from an afterlife which exists only to issue stamps for philatelists, or from some place near the end of Wisconsin’s frozen fist where mailboxes disappear into snowbanks for weeks at a time. The book’s designers set the letter-spacing so wide that the words look as if they’re ready to dissolve, and I have to whisper them, which is not a bad thing. Sometimes they whisper back. (Does it really make sense to try and write about books this good?)

(I’m reading a book a day for National Poetry Month. Click on the book cover to go to its page in Open Library.)

Still, by Deborah Burnham

Still cover

Still isn’t: something is always stirring just under the surface. My hands grow colder as I read: winter has returned, “like a mirror/ whose silver dries and drifts across the floor,/ leaving a window on the wall that shows just/ the wall itself…” The stone face on the cover — sad, contemplative, turning green — colors my reading of the poems within. I love sycamores, and there are sycamores on almost every other page, clinging “to patches of uncaring earth/ refusing their own beauty,” their “patchwork green and brown// like a room where the bookshelves have been stripped,/ the curtains taken down.”

In the title poem, an ivy plant cut at the root in autumn holds its dried leaves all winter, “stem and branches stuck on the brick/ like the veins of some huge flat/ animal, shaped like an open hand,” and I am left to imagine how it must sound in “the snapping wind” — and what might be happening in the house within. In the next poem, it’s someone else who has lived through a “year of silent anger,” and in the poem after that, it’s the neighbors who have gotten divorced: a delicate indirection that reminds me almost of Japanese court poetry from the Heian period. Even in the last poem, when Burnham writes about baseball and Art Tatum, that sensibility persists. I rub my finger over a tiny curl at the edge of the page left over from the cutting: the quiet eroticism of a handmade book, its alluring stillness.

Like Humes’ Underground Singing, its mate in the Keystone Chapbook Series for collections by Pennsylvania poets, Still manages to satisfy despite its brevity — even at times to astonish. It’s like the lake in “Learning How to Want,” “that cradles bodies who have forgotten how to sleep.” Being short on sleep myself this morning, I am glad to have found it. I emerge refreshed, as if from a bracing dip.

(I’m reading a book a day for National Poetry Month, with a special focus on Seven Kitchens Press, a Pennsylvania-based publisher of limited-edition chapbooks. Click on the book cover to go to its page in Open Library.)

Lovesick, by Howie Good

Lovesick cover
When selecting a text for bibliomancy, there are several important considerations. First, is it long enough? Anything under 100 pages doesn’t give the demiurge of chance enough room to operate. Second, are its contents diverse? A tightly plotted novel or a thematically unified collection of poetry is fine for pleasure reading, but for readings of the divinatory kind you need the greatest possible variation in content from one page to the next. And third, does the text combine straightforward syntax and expression with esoteric and sometimes thoroughly recondite content? This is essential. The highly selective listening employed in divination presupposes a broad spectrum of notes in many keys and registers.

Lovesick, the first full-length book by the prolific chapbook author Howie Good, easily meets all three criteria. Even the titles of its five parts are suggestive: “Apocalypse Mambo,” “A Tiny Fugue for Tomorrowland,” “Ghosts of Breath,” “Abandoned But Still Burning” and “Sleep Rituals.” Its main drawback is the lack of a hardcover edition; ideally, the divinatory text should open flat. The author’s own evident secular humanism might seem to be a problem, but diviners and other fanatics have been actively conspiring in the death of the author for thousands of years; one more shouldn’t prevent much difficulty. If some American Sufis can turn a Charles Simic poem into a parable, it shouldn’t be hard to make Lovesick into a manual for the lovelorn or a touchstone for the touched-by-an-angel crowd.

Allow me to demonstrate. I’ll ask a basic question, something for the lovelorn, making sure to phrase it so it doesn’t require a yes or no answer: What does X think of me? I riffle the pages rapidly back and forth under my thumbs, 49 times in all, then catch the edge of a page with my thumbnail. The poem is “Let it Burn.” The third sentence reads, “I can still hear gas hissing from shower heads, still feel the sun like a scabrous hand on my back.” Well, that seems pretty clear, doesn’t it?

Let’s try another typical question people ask: Should I file for bankruptcy? This time the book opens to “Giant Killer.” Whoa, this is intense.

The barking grows fiercer. In his panic and confusion, the giant trips on the uneven cobblestones. Maybe it’s the drugs everyone took in college, or the years of road rage since then, but people just step around him, pretending he isn’t lying there, huge and helpless.

Another question people are asking a lot these days is Should I go back to school? Tell us, oh universe-in-a-book! I lose count of the number of riffles before I jab my right index finger onto a random left-hand page. It lands on “How to Write a Story,” second sentence.

It’s important that there be
lost children, but the search dogs

should be tired, or even better,
dubious, and with no way

to stop the bleeding
in the region of the brain

that controls our tears.

Now let’s try some questions with farther-reaching implications. How about this: Will the Republican Party achieve a majority in either house of Congress in the mid-term elections next fall? This time I hold the book upside-down just to make sure the results aren’t biased by my right-handedness.

My finger lands on a poem called “The Dystopian Imaginary,” a one-sentence piece that ends:

…wearily wheeling an ash barrel
into the ghostly precincts of dawn,

a stranger’s name flowing in loops
of soiled thread just above my heart.

Sounds ominous. The interpretation, of course, would depend on which political party the client favors. Divination long ago recognized and embraced the observer’s paradox.

What will it take to bring about peace in the Middle East? I ask next. I hold the book behind my back this time. The results are very interesting. As Dave Barry would say, I swear I’m not making this up: it’s “Black Friday,” about shoppers in New Hope, Pennsylvania, entering stores ravaged by an unnamed catastrophe and trying to buy fire in another color besides red. This might sound somewhat discouraging, to put it mildly, but the words “new hope” are there, and with a little creative spinning, the media-savvy diviner should have no trouble making lemonade out of it.

Bibliomancy is, of course, not the only lens through which to read this new classic of American surrealist poetry, nor is it necessarily the one I would recommend to the faint-of-heart. You could also read it front to back, breathlessly, exclaiming over the ones you remember from Howie’s chapbooks, saying things like “You’ve lost a couple of words, haven’t you? You look great!” You could keep it by the bed and read it whenever you’re waiting for a phone call. You could keep it on your desk at work, next to the computer, and pick it up everytime you’re waiting for something to download, upload, or update. This morning, I was re-reading Lovesick in between saving videopoems to a different format. And at the moment, I am using it to procrastinate on preparation for tomorrow’s public reading from my Odes to Tools. But hey, here’s a poem that relates even to that: “Clawhammer Snapdragon.” “I stagger out the door under an armload of poems,” it begins,

feverish red ones, friendless gray ones,
dark purple ones like the aftertaste of a scream.

Women cross the street to avoid me.
Cars honk in derision. Nobody asks, Hey,
do you need any help with those?

The poem ends:

I stare as if in challenge
into the hooded eyes of storefronts,
nod hello to words — snapdragon, clawhammer —

almost too beautiful and broken to repeat.

Beautiful. Broken. Now I have a notion of where to begin.

(I’m reading a book a day for National Poetry Month. Click on the book cover to go to its page in Open Library.)

Child of Nature, by Luljeta Lleshanaku

Child of Nature cover
I read the book in a morning, barely stirring from my chair on the porch, while the sky’s milk turned sour in the sun. On page 7, the town drunkard was “Monday’s Saint, guilty of everything.” On page 9, children in an old photograph looked as if they were wearing “lives borrowed from elsewhere,” and a cardinal switched to a higher-pitched song as he climbed the dead elm on the far side of my yard. I skipped ahead to the author’s Afterword and was struck by her suggestion that “freeing objects of their function is the first step toward understanding them.”

In the Lleshanaku family — political outcastes in Hoxha’s Albania — prayer was something done in secret, and they considered it a weakness, “like making love … followed by the long/ cold night of the body.” Winter was ending on page 17, and its sky flattened things with elephants’ feet. On page 18, people maintained that “if you eat books you will eat yourself/ little by little,” and a rustle made me look up in time to see a small groundhog slinking across the yard, head low among the blue myrtle flowers. I found myself wishing I was already finished eating the apple in my hand so I could startle him with a tossed core.

“Spring kills solitude with solitude,” I read on page 20, “imagination/ the sap that shields you from your body.” A book “will be skimmed over impatiently, starting at the last page,” and I knew from the Afterword that here Lleshanaku was talking about her own habits. A wild turkey hollered his lust from above the barn. Trucks in the quarry two miles away labored out of the pit in low gears or shrieked in reverse. “Don’t blame me for losing the ability to see what’s new.”

A pair of chickadees landed in the flowering cherry beside the porch, their legs thin as piano wires, and when the male sang he blended phrases from two different songs. On page 24, a poem was “a bullet without a target” fired into the air, and on page 27, a witness wasn’t “allowed to think/ after swearing herself in on the battered book of truth/ with an illiterate hand.” I tried to imagine growing up in a place where books were rare, truth even rarer, and both of them dangerous.

Now I heard a hen turkey, too, her hoarse want want want want want, and the white-throated sparrow’s Poor Sam Peabody from the far side of the springhouse, that odd, jail-like building now flanked by daffodils. “A prisoner’s dreams/ are parchment/ made sacred by its missing passages,” I read on page 29, and two pages later, shoveling soil on the dead had “become as common/ as sprinkling salt on food.”

When I came to the end of Part I, I was taken aback by the additional blank sheet between the sections. Up in the woods, a two-squirrel chase came to an abrupt end when a third squirrel tried to join in. The guard stationed in a booth at the cemetery gates played chess with himself on page 37, and I looked down at my chair and noticed for the first time how the plastic was worn rough at the ends of the arms, right before the bend where they turned into legs.

Love entered on page 39, and I heard a solitary or blue-headed vireo calling from above the end of the old corral — the only time he sang all morning. A river on page 40 was irreversible, and a train blew its whistle for our crossing, following another river. “In love two bodies become one cactus,” I wrote, copying the poet’s words in my atrocious handwriting. A page later, the slam of a door interrupted my reading of “Particularly in the Morning,” and a moment’s inattention allowed my father to enter the poem with his laundry basket. I glanced up at the other house where a a row of blue socks were already hanging from the line.

On page 44, hunger began to rumble in my gut. “What tree?” the poem kept asking. “What tree?” I glanced up at the cherry in time to see the first two petals fall, just two days old. The sheets of a hotel bed on page 49 were “made by anonymous hands,” and the protagonist stretched herself out “like a silk bookmark/ between newly read pages of a book.”

There was “A Question of Numbers” on page 52: “Two people form a habit./ Three people make a story.” The first of many carpenter bees motored slowly past my ear. Five pages later, the peak of a mountain that marked the edge of the familiar world held its snow all year, mirroring the sky, but “like a dogma” never touching it. I decided I liked poems that made me stop to think in the first few lines, even though it made finishing the book in one sitting a more daunting task.

The sun went in, and then it went farther in. Elsewhere the sky was blue, but this was as irrelevant as the memory of happiness during depression — or so I scribbled in my notes. Something odd was happening in Part III: the protagonist was switching genders unpredictably. In the title poem, “Child of Nature,” he or she disappeared at the moment of conception, when the wrong chromosomes begin to mix. On page 65, men were only able to touch the world through their sons, “the way latex gloves/ lovingly touch the evidence/ of a crime scene,” and in the next poem, men without sons were unable to pass on their secret inheritance, “not the secret itself/ but the art of solitude.” She’s onto me, I thought. A fly with a shiny black abdomen landed on the page.

In a “Meditation While Shaving” on page 70, a son remembered his father’s advice: “A power of a man … is measured by the things he doesn’t do./ Passion should be kept hidden, like a turnip!” Rich words, however misguided, I thought. Four pages later, an equally potent image: the mother on an airplane flight reaching one hand under her seat to feel for the life jacket, “Like a child touching a book of fairy tales under her bed.”

I was almost out of room on the sheet of paper I was using for notes, and my writing grew smaller and smaller even as the carpenter bees multiplied: the village madwoman as “history, unable to lay blame on anyone” but cursing all equally on page 79, and on page 85, the moving finger of a man reading from his own diary, like “the finger of fate, getting ahead of itself.” In the last poem, lightning struck a furrowed field, and winter smothered “all fear beneath it,/ a time of awakening.” I slipped my notes between the last page and the back cover, which were two very different shades of white.

(I’m reading a book a day for National Poetry Month. Click on the book cover to go to its page in Open Library.)

Underground Singing, by Harry Humes

Underground Singing cover

I would’ve liked to read this book to my grandfather, the one born in a coal patch town a few miles from where Harry Humes grew up. He too struggled to find the proper names for the things in his memory which he knew as well as he knew anything, like the “long-legged bird … dark blue with a drift of feathers hanging from its neck” that landed for a moment beside the coal slurry pond, while the coal miners’ children “went on putting our ears to the slush, but had no name for what we thought we heard.” When I met Humes at a reading ten years ago, I was shocked by how much he resembled my great uncle, Pop-pop’s younger brother, especially around the mouth. Maybe there’s something to the Eastern Pennsylvania way of expressing oneself that shapes the face, the easy laughter and self-deprecating manner concealing hard truths.

Though his family left The Coal for Pottstown when he was a boy, Pop-pop loved poetry all his life, and his imagination had no trouble filling in gaps in his knowledge, most notably in the genealogy that preoccupied him in his later years. He would’ve chuckled, I think, at the story of Harry’s father telling the future by reading pigeon bones, or the three circus elephants dancing to polka music that prompted the narrator to think of “the old Polish women … of Ash Alley/ and Raven Run” dancing at wedding receptions, “suddenly girls again.” He certainly would’ve understood the impulse to return for a class reunion like the one in the book, where the Master of Ceremonies’ genial, unsettling question — “How do you like all this?” — ripples outward through the other poems. Did any of Pop-pop’s Mahanoy City aunts favor blue flowers as houseplants, as Harry’s mother did, and if so, would he have remembered what they were called? I wonder if he would’ve agreed with the sound of coughing as the one sharp memory from that time and place.

I daresay he would’ve recognized something deeply Pennsylvanian in Humes’ combination of plainspokenness and circumspection, in his avoidance of the melodramatic. I remember asking Humes after that reading ten years ago whether he had written anything about Centralia, the town that famously had to be abandoned because of the slow fire burning in the mine beneath it. “Nope. Too obvious,” he said. I know of at least five poets who evidently thought otherwise, including W. S. Merwin. Merwin had to move to Hawaii before he found his true voice, though, while Humes stayed close to home, as Pennsylvanians so often do, and sharpened his hearing.

Humes’ poetry may avoid the most obvious ploys, but that doesn’t mean it lacks in emotional impact. It just means that it’s impossible to predict at which point in a book of his poems I’ll find a lump forming in my throat or my eyes growing damp; it might be a different place each time. And as he suggests in “The River of Eyes,” even such an innocuous thing as moist eyes can be a portent of death, “the eye that it in a year would be gone,/ and in another year my sister gone after great pain” — unlike the indelible scar on his left knee from a fall on a coal bank as a child, “pale blue/ and unblinking after all those years … an oracle of sorts, always sighing or weeping…” (There are so many blues in this book, both of the literal and figurative kind. Kudos to Ron Mohring for designing the perfect cover.)

Memories are always a bit uncertain, but what about our perceptions of the present? Are the trees in heavy winds really as full as they seem of “floor creak,/ and water splashing a sink, plate rattle, hymns”? What about a dead father’s voice in an old trunk full of his things, or the “Underground Singing” of the title poem, the miners’ songs that seem to permeate the world above? The same man who reads pigeon bones carries a special lamp into the mine “to check for gas,/ the flame inside the glass turning color/ at the least trace” — and emerges from the darkness giddy after such a scrying, “almost dancing” home.

These poems are set in a time a couple decades more recent than my Pop-pop’s childhood, but I’m sure he would’ve appreciated the numerous references to a well-loved natural world, a familiarity borne of a boyhood spent largely out-of-doors. If he were still alive, I’d ask him if he remembers people keeping homing pigeons, “direction imprinted on each feather/ and pulse of blood and muscle.” As a life-long gardener, I’m sure he’d understand the impulse to plant trees behind the house, “a little like boats/ moored to the hillside,/ at any moment ready to take us.” I can picture him climbing a steep slope through laurel and huckleberry to descend into a hidden ravine with an abandoned mine tunnel, a secret place all his own, and before leaving it for the final time, maybe even “eating/ a little dirt so [he] would never forget.”

This is a book of mysteries, set in a place with a mythic yet all-too-real underworld that swallows men alive and re-creates itself in the tunnels of their lungs. It would be easy to focus just on that darkness, I’m sure, and neglect the singing. And Humes writes as often of the nearer dark in his family’s dirt cellar, not to mention the hills and rivers beyond. Perhaps the greatest mystery of the book is how a mere 17 poems, so full of hesitations and uncertainties, can conjure up so a complete a world.

(I’m reading a book a day for National Poetry Month, with a special focus on Seven Kitchens Press, a Pennsylvania-based publisher of limited-edition chapbooks. Click on the book cover to go to its page in Open Library.)